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Final arguments are being made before Australia's vote to create Indigenous Voice_我的网站

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A | CANBERRA, Australia -- Opposing campaigners made their final pitches on Friday over changing the Australia's constitution to acknowledge a place for Indigenous Australians on the eve of the nation's first referendum in a generation.The referendum has the potential to amend Australia’s founding legal document for the first time since 1977. But opinion polls suggest that the amendment will be rejected as more than four-in-five referendums have been in the past.Australians are being asked to alter the constitution to recognize the “First Peoples of Australia” by establishing an Indigenous Voice to Parliament.The committee comprised of and chosen by Indigenous Australians would advise the Parliament and government on issues that affect the nation’s most disadvantaged ethnic minority.Indigenous Australians account for only 3.8% of Australia’s population. But they die on average eight years younger than the wider population, have a suicide rate twice that of the national average and suffer from diseases in the remote Outback that have been eradicated from other wealthy countries.Prime Minister Anthony Albanese, a leading Voice advocate, cited the Israel-Hamas war to underscore why Australians should vote “yes” out of kindness toward the Indigenous population.“This week of all weeks where we see such trauma in the world, there is nothing — no cost — to Australians showing kindness, thinking with their heart as well as their head, when they enter the polling booth tomorrow and vote ‘yes,’” Albanese said.“Kindness costs nothing. Thinking of others costs nothing. This is a time where Australians have that opportunity to show the generosity of spirit that I see in the Australian character where at the worst of times we always see the best of the Australian character,” Albanese added.Opposition leader Peter Dutton, whose conservative party opposes the Voice, said polling showing declining support for the referendum over the past year was evidence Albanese failed to convince voters of the benefits of the Voice. “He’s instinctively won their hearts because Australians do want better outcomes for Indigenous Australians, but he hasn’t won their minds,” Dutton told Australian Broadcasting Corp.Indigenous activist Robbie Thorpe drew attention to Indigenous division over the Voice this week by applying for a High Court injunction to stop the referendum. “The referendum is an attack on Aboriginal Sovereignty,” Thorpe said in a statement on Friday.But the High Court said his writ had been rejected on Thursday on the grounds that it appeared to be an abuse of the court process, frivolous, vexatious or outside the court’s jurisdiction.Thorpe is among so-called progressive “no” campaigners who argue an Indigenous committee with no power of veto over legislation is not a sufficiently radical change.Many progressives argue the constitution should more importantly acknowledge that Indigenous Australians never ceded their land to British colonizers and a treaty was a higher priority than a Voice.Conservative “no” campaigners argue the Voice is too radical and the courts could interpret its powers in unpredictable ways.Some Indigenous people don’t have faith that the Voice’s membership would represent their diverse priorities.“Yes” campaigner Kyam Maher, an Indigenous man who is South Australia state’s attorney general, said the question he was most often asked by thousands of voters was what result Indigenous Australians wanted.“I can say absolutely and overwhelmingly Aboriginal people want their fellow Australians to vote ‘yes’ tomorrow,” Maher said.An opinion poll published this week supported Maher's view that a majority of Indigenous Australians wanted the Voice although that support had eroded since early 2023.Polling suggests the referendum will lose despite Australia’s peak legal, business, faith and sporting groups overwhelmingly supporting the Voice.Anne Twomey, a Sydney University constitutional law expert and a member of the Constitutional Expert Group that advised the government on drafting the referendum question, said she feared that Australian lawmakers might give up trying to change the constitution if the referendum fails.“I think it is a big concern if we end up with a constitution that’s frozen in time that we can’t change,” Twomey said.“In practice around the world, when a constitution becomes frozen and out of date with the world that it operates in, it becomes brittle and when there’s ever any stress on it, it does tend to break,” she added.___Follow AP's Asia-Pacific coverage at https://apnews.com/hub/asia-pacific。　　□魏佑湖　　莱芜，春秋时期为嬴邑、牟国、平州邑辖地，汉代置莱芜县。隋时，设在淄川的莱芜县撤销。

B | 长安四年(704年)复置莱芜，当时邑境历经废置，城垣倾颓、市井荒芜，百姓流离四散，百业凋敝难兴。莱芜县治迁至今莱芜区境内的首任县令贾璞，目睹残城断垄、民无居处之萧条，以五年勤勉深耕，兴城建、通商贾、安流民、厚教化，于一片丘墟之上重立嬴城气象。　　贾璞在莱芜当了五年县令，心底装着百姓，踏踏实实办了六桩实事，这些功绩全都记在了唐经幢铭文里。唐首任县令贾璞在莱芜的功绩　　现唐经幢全貌　　重修城池街巷　建起莱芜第一座老城　　荒废百年，这里没有像样的县城，衙门、道路、城墙全都衰败了。贾璞带头修整城墙，护着百姓安稳过日子;修补县衙、驿站，官府才有地方办公接待;划分街道、居民区，规划集市商铺。　　短短几年，荒坡变城池，房屋整齐、街市热闹，重修城墙官署，搭建完整县城格局，给百姓安定居所，奠定唐代莱芜县城基础。碑文形容当时的新景象：人物凑衣冠之地，城池生丹雘之容，壮丽一时。

C | 后世上千年修缮莱芜老城，全是沿用贾璞当年规划的底子。　　体恤流离百姓　招引乡民回乡安家　　当年，莱芜境内地旷人稀、民生微薄，本地人大都逃难去泰安、淄博，境内十室九空。

D | 贾璞学父亲贾思玄“急农学而缓征徭”的为官之道，处处给百姓减负。

E | 他广开商贸渠道，出台抚民惠农政策，增设乡政、补助生产，轻徭薄赋鼓励耕织。愿意回乡的人家，官府分荒地、发口粮。　　贾璞还想出以工代赈的法子，百姓修城、铺路、建房，官府直接给粮食、分田地，绝不白使唤人。四方百姓听闻莱芜官好政宽，拖家带口往回赶，经幢文中写“归之如市”，荒寂乡野慢慢有了人间烟火，人口、农桑快速恢复，终结长期荒疏局面。　　理清村镇地界　管好乡里百姓琐事　　荒废太久，各村边界模糊，田地分不清是谁家的，邻里常因土地争吵，基层也没有规整管理。贾璞走遍莱芜山川，划定全县疆界，厘清各村田产，化解乡间纠纷;增设乡级建制，理顺地方管理秩序，厘清户籍田亩，减少流民、私垦乱象，县域行政体系重新运转，社会秩序由乱转稳。依照碑文“增置乡数”的记载，重新划分乡镇村落，完善基层管理。　　同时选中口镇、蔡家镇、陶镇古道要道设立集市，方便百姓买卖，慢慢形成口镇、蔡家镇、李家镇、陶镇一众古村，口镇也从此成了莱芜千年商贸重镇，全境治理井井有条。　　利用本土物产　带领百姓种地致富　　莱芜山里铁矿多，土地适合种桑养蚕，荒废之后农耕、冶铁全都停了。

F | 贾璞因地制宜富民兴业，也就是铭文里说的“开货殖之路，寻加本钱”：　　一是劝百姓开荒种地、养蚕织布，保证家家户户衣食充足;二是放开山林铁矿，允许百姓打造农具、日用铁器，官府规范管理，不独占矿藏;三是打通连通泰安、淄博的山路，降低集市税费，招揽各地商人前来交易。农、桑、冶、商一同兴旺，彻底摆脱贫瘠，达成碑文所言“既庶且富”。　　为官清正公道　保莱芜一方平安　　贾璞是西汉贾谊后人，家风正直清廉，做官不贪财、不欺压乡民。百姓打官司，他断案公允，不偏不倚;严格管束手下差役，不准下乡搜刮、骚扰百姓。　　邻县乾封主簿赵太昚亲眼见证莱芜新气象，撰文刻在经幢上：仆忝职邻邑，倾美下风，意思是我在隔壁县城做官，满心羡慕莱芜的太平光景。当时莱芜是鲁中一带治理最好的县城，民风和顺，少有纷争。　　刻石教化民风　留下千年乡土物证　　贾璞推崇儒学教化，同时兴建寺院、造立经幢，以佛法劝民向善，教化百姓安分守礼，化解乡邻纷争，重塑淳朴乡风。贾璞十分孝顺，父亲贾思玄曾做三县县令，一生爱民清廉，辞官后跟着儿子定居莱芜养老。景龙三年(709年)四月初八浴佛节，贾璞拿出自家积蓄，以父亲名义在蔡家镇正真寺(也有人说叫“龙真寺”，与李家镇的“龙泉寺”相呼应)旁修建佛顶尊胜陀罗尼经幢，既是祈福安民，亦刻下治县功绩留存后世。也就是老百姓口中的“八棱碑”。

G | 　　铭文完整记录莱芜复置县始末与唐代县域建设史实，弥补本地唐初史料缺失，成为考证古嬴城、唐代莱芜建制的核心实物史料，也让后人永远记得这位为民操劳的好官。　　这座矗立千余年的唐经幢，青石无言，字字皆是见证。当年贾璞一腔仁心、实干兴莱的六大功绩，尽数镌刻于石刻之上，留在嬴牟山川间。从古至今，莱芜百姓从未忘记这位复邑开城的首任贤令，他轻徭安民、通商兴冶、清廉教化的治政本心，也化作乡土间代代相传的人文底色，长久滋养着这片莱芜大地。